Blog activity 5

    1.   Convert 0^oF, 32^oF, 70^oF, and 212^oF to Kelvin.

0°F = 255.4 K

32°F = 273.15 K

70°F = 294.26 K

            212°F = 373.15 K

     2.   Complete the Teaching Idea: States of Matter Simulation Lab by Kelly Vaughan. Complete the lab worksheet as if you were a student, and then post this on your blog. 

Name:    Rachael Anderson                                                                                     Date: 7/23/2013

Class: Chem                                                                                       States of Matter Simulation Lab

States of Matter Simulation Lab

Before you open the simulation:

PREDICT

1. Draw a diagram below showing what you think the molecules will look like for each state of matter, solid, liquid, and gas. Write a sentence below each diagram predicting what the motion of the molecules will be like.

	Solid	Liquid	Gas
Diagram of molecules
Sentence explaining how molecules will be moving.	Solid particles have fixed positions and have motions of vibration.	Liquid particles move free within the confines of the liquid.	Gas particles are far apart and move randomly and rapidly.

2. If you start with a substance as a solid, what will happen to the molecules as you add thermal energy (heat)? The solid will melt to a liquid. 

ONCE YOU HAVE COMPLETED THIS PAGE, YOU MAY BEGIN THE SIMULATION.
Open the simulation. You will find it in a folder on your desktop labeled “States of Matter Simulation.”

INVESTIGATE:

3. Use the menu on the right side of the program to select Water and Solid. Draw and describe what you see in the space below.

Diagram	Description
Similar to the "solid" picture above but not in an exact square. It is more of a sloppy rectangle.	All of the molecules are connected to each other and vibrating back and forth moving together.

4. Now, use the slider on the bottom of the program to Add Heat. Notice the thermometer at the top of the program. What temperature scale is this thermometer showing? Kelvin scale

5. What happens to the water as you increase the temperature?  The particles begin to break away from one another and start moving more freely.

6. What is the melting/freezing point of water in Kelvin?   273.15°K 

7. Add heat until the temperature is just below and then just above the melting point of water. How is water different below its melting point and above it?

Diagram	Description
Just below, the molecules look like the solid picture. Just above the melting point the molecules begin to look more like the picture of the liquid.	Just below the melting point the molecules are all still touching and vibrating together. Just above the melting point the vibrations begin to move more rapidly and bouncing off each other more than being all connected.

9. What is the boiling/condensation point of water in Kelvin? 373K

10. Continue to add heat until you are just below and then just above the boiling point of water. How is water different below its boiling point and above it?   Just below the boiling point the molecules move rapidly and begin bouncing off each other. Just above the boiling point the molecules begin to break off completely on their own and moving more freely. 

11. Draw and describe what water looks like as a gas.

Diagram	Description
Looks like the gas picture posted above.	Gas particles are far apart from each other and move randomly and rapidly.

12. Choose one of the other three substances listed in the menu on the right. Investigate what happens when you add and remove heat from this substance. Use the buttons on the right to see this substance as a solid, liquid, and gas. Draw and describe its properties in the table below.

Substance Selected:   Neon

	Solid	Liquid	Gas
Diagram of molecules	This picture looks exactly like the solid picture posted above. It is an exact square of close together molecules.	This picture looks exactly like the picture of the liquid above.	This picture looks exactly like the picture of the gas above, except many more molecules are roaming the area.
Sentence explaining how molecules are moving.	These molecules are vibrating back and forth with one another.	These molecules are bouncing off each other but still moving in the same direction. There are a couple molecules more freely moving.	These molecules are moving randomly and rapidly in the area it is in. They bounce off the walls and go in all different directions.

ANALYZE:

13. How was this substance similar to water in each state of matter? How was it different?   This substance was similar to water by having the molecules moving together, then bouncing off each other, then randomly. This substance differs from water by the shape of the states they are in at a solid, liquid, or gas. 

14. Were your predictions (see p. 1) correct or incorrect? Explain.  My predictions are correct and incorrect. The way the particles move are correct, but the look of the molecules in their state are not correct. Not all solid molecules are in a perfect square shape. 

BONUS: Optional, worth up to 10 points added to the lab’s final grade

15. Choose a substance other than water from the menu on the right side of the program. Use the slider to add and remove heat. Based on what the molecules do, figure out the approximate temperatures of the melting point and boiling point of this substance. (Hint: The temperatures given when you click solid, liquid, and gas are NOT the melting and boiling points.)

Substance:    Oxygen  

Melting Point:      54.8k       

How did you figure it out?    Looked it up then tried it on the States of Matter diagram and it seemed correct.

Boiling Point:   90.2k            

How did you figure it out?    Looked it up then tried it on the States of Matter diagram and it seemed correct.   

    3.      In the States of Matter simulation, choose the Solid, Liquid, and Gas Tab at the top of the screen. Choose the water molecule and cool the water to 0 K. Describe how the water molecules are aligned and attracted to each other. Which atoms are attracted to which other atoms?

      The hydrogen atoms seem to be attracted to the oxygen atoms on different molecules. Also, when the               water is cooled to 0 K the molecules become completely still and stay attracted to the exact same molecule the entire time. 

    4.      Switch the Phase Changes Tab on the States of Matter simulation. Notice how on the bottom right there is a small red dot that indicates where the system is at as far as temperature, pressure and state of matter. Play with the simulation to notice changes, notice that when you push down the pressure can go way up and explode the box. On your blog, report a temperature and pressure required to make oxygen a liquid. This is sometimes how the oxygen exists in pressurized oxygen tanks, perhaps like the ones you may use to go diving.

      A temperature and pressure needed to make oxygen a liquid could be at around 2 ATM for pressure and 111 K for temperature. 

    5.    List and describe at least two Science Standards that this activity addresses. 

      D. 4.3 Understand that substances can exist in different states-solid,liquid,gas.

                This entire activity addresses the three different states that a substance can exist in. It addresses what   these molecules look like in their specific states as well. 

      

      D. 4.5 Construct simple models of what is happening to materials and substances undergoing change using simple instruments or tools to aid the observation and collect data. 

             This activity constructs it's own model on the States of Matter simulation. It allows us to view substances in their different states and watch as they change from state to state. It also had us observe and collect data by doing the worksheet.