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The photo above is a picture of my Oxygen element. It has 8 electrons surrounding the nucleus: 6 on the outside orbital and 2 on the inside. There are 8 red/orange trix representing the neutrons and 8 green trix representing the protons.
1. What is the atomic number for each of your
models?
·
Oxygen: 8
·
Helium: 2
·
Carbon: 6
2. What is the atomic mass number for each of
your models?
·
Oxygen: 15.999
·
Helium: 4.002602
·
Carbon: 12.011
3. In your models, which two subatomic
particles are equal in number?
The number of protons is always equal to
the number of electrons.
4. How would you make an isotope for one of
your models? What would change with the model?
Carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons.
However, if I added 2 neutrons to my model I would have an isotope with the
atomic weight 14.
5. Considering the overall volume of your
element models, what makes up most of the volume of an atom?
The electrons (or space they use to move)
make up the majority of an atom. The nucleus, being made up of protons and
neutrons, makes up most of the mass, but not the volume.
6. For one of your models, show with another
image what happens when energy excites an electron.
This is the element Carbon when it it's electrons are excited.
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7. Once the electron is excited, what do we
typically observe when the electron returns to the ground-state?
We observe light. As explained in number
9.
8. Why are some elements different colors when
they are excited? Hint: when electrons are excited (by something like heat from
an explosive) they move up to another orbital and when they fall back they
release the energy in the form of light.
The different colors depend on the
different quantities of electrons losing energy into different elements. It
depends on the energies the photons emit, which is determined by the energy it
takes to move electrons from one orbital to another.
9. With the Fourth of July coming up quickly,
explain how the colors of fireworks arise.
When an electron is in its ground state it
means they’re at their lowest energy state. When a source of energy, such as a
flame, is absorbed by the electrons they go to their higher energy state, or
excited state. When their excited state returns to their ground state it
produces a photon of energy which produces light. This is how we observe
fireworks.
10. Explain
the overall organizational structure of the periodic table.
The periodic table is put into groups, or
families, and periods. The vertical column is known as the groups. These are
made up of elements with similar chemical properties. The horizontal rows are
known as the periods, which shows a range in properties from metallic, which
starts the left side of the periodic table, to the nonmetallic, which ends on
the right side of the periodic table. Elements are arranged on the table in
order of the increasing atomic numbers. There are groups of nonmetals, metals,
and metalloids. In these groups are alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, inner
transition metals, transition metals, halogens, and noble gases. The metalloids
are points on the table dividing the metals from the nonmetals in a step like line.
11. List two example elements for each of these
groups or classes: Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth, Halogens, Noble Gases,
Transition Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids.
Alkali metals: Lithium and Potassium
Alkaline earth metals: Magnesium, Calcium
Halogens: Bromine, Chlorine
Noble gases: Helium, Xenon
Transition metals: Copper, Cobalt
Non-metals: Hydrogen, Carbon
Metalloids: Silicon, Boron
Rachael, your overall organizational structure description of the periodic table is dead on. I find it interesting on how the groups of nonmetals, metals, and metalloids are organized. I also enjoyed learning about how fireworks work. How they get excited then return to ground state.
ReplyDeleteI like the fact that in #5 you explain the nucleus and how it takes up mass, but not the volume. I had never thought of it that way. I also like that in #8 you explained how the quantity of electrons losing energy into different elements can affect the color, very interesting! And love the use of the Trix cereal in the first model, works very well for Helium, and creative thinking!
ReplyDeleteThe materials that you chose to use for your models were a great idea, you can clearly tell the neutrons from the protons, and the electrons as well. In question number ten I think you describe the periodic table very well too. The way that you explain it makes it much easier to understand why it is set up the way that it is. I can see that you worked hard on this activity.
ReplyDeleteI really liked the materials you used to make your elements. It was a good idea to use cereal, because then you didn't have to color the balls, since they are already different colors. Also, I really liked your explanation as to why fireworks that we see on the Fourth of July are different colors. Your explanation was easy to understand and follow. Great job formatting this post and keeping all of your questions consistent! It makes it really easy to read!
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